藏红花的药理研究进展

目的 :总结藏红花的化学成分、药用价值的研究概况。方法 :文献学方法。结果 :藏红花自古便是活血化瘀的良药 ;最新研究发现藏红花还具有广谱抗癌活性 ,对白血病、卵巢癌、结肠癌、横纹肌肉瘤、乳头肉瘤、扁平细胞瘤和软组织肉瘤等都具有较强的抑制作用 ,而且毒性小。另外 ,藏红花还具有治疗冠心病 ,抑制肝炎病毒 ,增强免疫力等药效。结论 :藏红花具有很高的药用价值 ,大量生产藏红花将具有广阔的应用前景。     

番红花(Crocus sativus L.)组织培养的初步研究

目的:初步探讨番红花组织培养的一些影响因素.方法:采用组织培养技术,以番红花幼嫩的叶片为外植体对其愈伤组织及不定胚的诱导进行了研究:结果:MS BA 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D 2 mg/L为诱导愈伤组织形成的最佳培养基,而诱导不定胚的最佳培养基为MS BA 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D 2 mg/L.结论:基本明确了番红花愈伤组织及不定胚诱导的最佳激素组合.     

番红花化学成分及生物活性研究进展

着重对番红花柱头所含的化学成分及其代谢途径进行了综述。根据化合物的结构特点、理化性质及代谢途径,番红花中的化学成分可归纳为水溶性色素、脂溶性色素、挥发油及挥发油前体苷类几种类型,研究表明这些结构多样的成分均是由脂溶性的玉米黄质降解产生。此外,还对国内外有关番红花花被以及侧芽等不同部位化学成分的研究进展,以及番红花提取物及番红花苷成分在心脑血管、肝脏、肾脏、免疫系统、肿瘤以及抗氧化方面的广泛药理活性进行了全面综述,为全面开发利用番红花资源提供参考。     

番红花不同药用部位的镇痛和抗炎活性比较研究

目的:扩大名贵药用植物番红花的药用资源,寻找可以替代传统药用部位(柱头)的新药用部位.方法:分别采用醋酸致小鼠扭体和二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀药理模型,分别以吲哚美辛和地塞米松为镇痛和抗炎药效学实验的阳性对照药,观察番红花球茎、顶芽、侧芽和柱头的乙醇和水提取物的镇痛和抗炎活性.结果:在镇痛实验中,与空白对照组相比,顶芽醇提取物和水提取物、柱头的醇提物和水提物以及侧芽的醇提物在高剂量时(相当于2.0 g生N/kg)都具有显著的镇痛活性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);球茎的醇提物和水提物、侧芽醇提取物的低剂量和中剂量以及水提物均未见有镇痛活性;在抗炎试验中,与空白对照组相比,番红花柱头醇提物和侧芽醇提物均显示出显著的抗炎活性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).项芽醇提物在低剂量(相当于0.75 g生药/kg)时也具有显著的抗炎活性(P＜0.05).球茎醇提取物和水提物及顶芽、侧芽和柱头的水提物对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀没有显著性影响.结论:以番红花的顶芽、侧芽替代传统药用部位柱头,分别用于镇痛和抗炎作用有潜在的应用价值,值得深入研究.     

藏红花提取液对慢性高眼压兔视网膜SOD和MDA的影响

目的:探讨实验性慢性高眼压兔视网膜SOD和MDA含量的变化及藏红花提取液的保护作用。方法:新西兰家兔24只,随机分为正常对照组、高眼压组、治疗I组和治疗II组,每组6只12眼。高眼压组和2个治疗组兔的眼前房内注射3g/L复方卡波姆溶液0.2mL,造成慢性高眼压模型。治疗I,II组兔每日经耳缘静脉推注藏红花提取液,20mg和80mg原药/kg。在7,14d后处死各组半数动物,检测视网膜SOD,MDA含量,并进行组间比较分析。结果:造模7d后高眼压组、治疗I组和II组家兔视网膜组织中的SOD值均明显低于对照组,有显著统计学差异(P<0.05);但治疗I,II组的SOD值均明显高于高眼压组,且治疗II组高于治疗I组(P<0.05)。在14d时,高眼压组与2个治疗组的SOD值均已接近对照组水平,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。造模后7d,高眼压组视网膜组织中的MDA含量明显高于对照组,有显著统计学差异(P<0.01)。治疗I组、II组的MDA含量均低于高眼压组(P<0.01),但仍明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。造模后14d,高眼压组、治疗I组和II组的MDA水平均进一步升高,但与对照组相比仍略高(P<0.01)。结论:藏红花提取液在高眼压早期能有效提高慢性高眼压下视网膜中SOD活性,降低MDA含量。     

西红花总苷的药理学研究Ⅱ.对血凝、血小板聚集及血栓形成的影响

西红花总苷ｉｇ能明显延长小鼠的凝血时间,缓解ＡＤＰ、ＡＡ诱导的小鼠肺血栓形成所致的呼吸窘迫症状,明显抑制血小板血栓的形成。家兔体内给药,对ＡＤＰ和凝血酶诱发的血小板聚集均有明显的抑制作用。     

白萝卜提取物促胃动力作用机制

目的探讨白萝卜提取物（Raphanus sativus L extract，Ecr）促胃肠动力作用机制。方法20只SD大鼠随机分为A（Ecr）组、B（0．9％氯化钠对照）组，分别灌服Ecr和等体积0．9％氯化钠，1h后，免疫组织化学方法和放免法分别观察胃电起搏区P物质（SP）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）表达的变化。结果sP免疫阳性神经及产物的表达明显增加（P〈0．05）；CGRP免疫阳性神经及产物的表达明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论白萝卜提取物的促胃肠动力作用可能与局部及血浆中SP、CGRP量的变化有密切关系。     

藏红花病毒病原的分子鉴定

目的 研究栽培藏红花的病毒病原。方法 综合运用病毒粒子形态和细胞病理学电镜观察、DAS-ELISA检测、RT-PCR检测及序列测定等技术进行病原鉴定。结果 透射电镜负染色观察到病株汁液含有600～900 nm的线状病毒粒子;超薄切片观察到病株细胞质内有大量线状病毒粒子、II型风轮状内含体和电子致密无定型体,符合菜豆黄花叶病毒Beam yellow mosaic virus（BYMV）的病理学特征。应用BYMV抗体进行病株DAS-ELISA检测结果为阳性,应用马铃薯Y病毒属特异性引物Sprimer和M4对病株进行RT-PCR检测结果为阳性,对阳性结果进行分子克隆及序列测定发现目标序列与BYMV有99%的同源性。结论 综合检测结果判明侵染浙江藏红花的病毒病原为BYMV。     

Saffron （Crocus sativus L.） and major depressive disorder： a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Due to safety concerns and side effects of many antidepressant medications, herbal psychopharmacology research has increased, and herbal remedies are becoming increasingly popular as alternatives to prescribed medications for the treatment of major depressive disorder （MDD）. Of these, accumulating trials reveal positive effects of the spice saffron （Crocus sativus L.） for the treatment of depression. A comprehensive and statistical review of the clinical trials examining the effects of saffron for treatment of MDD is warranted. OBJECTIVE： The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials examining the effects of saffron supplementation on symptoms of depression among participants with MDD. SEARCH STRATEGY： We conducted electronic and non-electronic searches to identify all relevant randomized, double-blind controlled trials. Reference lists of all retrieved articles were searched for relevant studies. INCLUSION CRITERIA： The criteria for study selection included the following： （1） adults （aged 18 and older） with symptoms of depression, （2） randomized controlled trial, （3） effects of saffron supplementation on depressive symptoms examined, and （4） study had either a placebo control or antidepressant comparison group. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS： Using random effects modeling procedures, we calculated weighted mean effect sizes separately for the saffron supplementation vs placebo control groups, and for the saffron supplementation vs antidepressant groups. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed using the Jadad score. The computer software Comprehensive Meta- analysis 2 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS： Based on our pre-specified criteria, five randomized controlled trials （n = 2 placebo controlled trials, n = 3 antidepressant controlled trials） were included in our review. A large effect size was found for saffron supplementation vs placebo control in treating depressive symptoms （M ES = 1.62, P 〈 0.001）, revealing that saffron supplementation significantly reduced depression symptoms compared to the placebo control. A null effect size was evidenced between saffron supplementation and the antidepressant groups （M ES = -0.15） indicating that both treatments were similarly effective in reducing depression symptoms. The mean Jadad score was 5 indicating high quality of trials. CONCLUSION： Findings from clinical trials conducted to date indicate that saffron supplementation can improve symptoms of depression in adults with MDD. Larger clinical trials, conducted by research teams outside of Iran, with long-term follow-ups are needed before firm conclusions can be made regarding saffron＇s efficacy and safety for treating depressive symptoms.     

Raphanus sativus extract prevents and ameliorates zearalenone‐induced peroxidative hepatic damage in Balb/c mice

Objectives Raphanus sativus (radish) is a species of crucifer, which includes widely consumed vegetables, distributed in Asia, Africa and Europe. It is a rich source of bioactive molecules including anthocyanins, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates and other flavonoids, and miscellaneous phenolic substances. We have evaluated the hepatoprotection of R. sativus extract against zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin initiating hepatotoxicity in male Balb/c mice. Methods Animals were divided into seven treatment groups and treated orally each day for twenty eight days as follows: a control, an olive oil group, group I, group II, and group III treated with radish extract alone (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, respectively), group IV treated with zearalenone (40 mg/kg), and group V treated with zearalenone plus the lowest dose of radish extract. Key findings Administration of zearalenone alone resulted in significant decreases in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in the liver, suggesting hepatic damage. Moreover, a marked increase in the level of lipid peroxide and concomitant decrease of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione‐S‐transferase, RNA and DNA concentrations were also observed in the liver tissue of zearalenone‐treated mice. Co‐treatment with R. sativus extract plus zearalenone succeeded in reversing the condition back to normal levels for all studied parameters. Conclusions By itself R. sativus extract did not show any toxic effects and could be considered as a potent hepatoprotectant.